Cheese: Not as newfangled as we thought

Researchers have linked ancient milk residue (thousands of years-old) to early forms of cheese-making. The scientists say this research provides new insights into the human diet and food production technologies.?

By Staff,?Reuters / December 14, 2012

This is a file photo of a street vendor selling regional smoked cheese 'oscypek ' in Zakopane, Poland. Little Miss Muffet could have been separating her curds and whey from the sixth millennium B.C., according to a new study that finds the earliest solid evidence of cheese-making.

AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski, File

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Scientists have found the earliest evidence of prehistoric?cheese-making from a study of 7,500-year-old pottery fragments that are perforated just like modern cheese?strainers.

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Milk production and dairy processing allowed early farmers to produce food without slaughtering precious livestock, and making cheese?turned milk into a less perishable food that was more digestible for a population who at the time would have been intolerant to the lactose contained in milk.

Researchers from the?University of Bristol in Britain, with colleagues in the?United States?and?Poland, analyzed fatty acids embedded in prehistoric pottery from the Polish region of Kuyavia, and found they had been used to separate milk into fat-rich curds for?cheese and lactose-containing whey.

"The presence of milk residues in sieves ... constitutes the earliest direct evidence for?cheese-making," said M?lanie Salque from?Bristol, one of the authors of the research, which was published in?the journal Nature.

Peter Bogucki, another researcher involved in the work, said: "Making cheese?allowed them to reduce the lactose content of milk, and we know that, at that time, most of the humans were not tolerant to lactose."

Milk residues have been found at ancient sites up to 8,000 years old in?Turkey?and?Libya, but there was no evidence that the milk had been processed into cheese.

Until now, the earliest evidence of?cheese-making came from depictions of milk processing in murals several thousand years younger than the pottery fragments.

The researchers believe other vessels found in the same region were used for other specific purposes. Jars lined with beeswax were probably for storing water, and pottery containing the remnants of carcass fats was probably used for cooking meat.

"It is truly remarkable, the depth of insights into ancient human diet and?food processing technologies?these ancient fats preserved in archaeological ceramics are now providing us with," said?Richard Evershed, who heads the?Bristol?team.

(Reporting by Chris Wickham; Editing by Kevin Liffey)

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/aq_9_MRUalU/Cheese-Not-as-newfangled-as-we-thought

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A Fascinating Gun Violence Study - Pilant's Business Ethics | Pilant's ...

001A gun violence study from a European perspective.

This is an excerpt from a study done about gun violence in the Balkans. I found it largely by accident and it was insightful, enjoyable reading. Most academic writing is barely penetrable. This is lively and interesting. An academic dealing with gun issues, in particular criminal justice, will find this interesting reading if only for the summary of Eastern European gun laws in the appendix. It is a very fine example of social science research.

James Pilant

From the Introduction:

This study is based on the premise that culture is not static but is constantly evolving and changing and it is not
just a product of past traditions but develops and is reinterpreted as society changes. This report will focus on
?culture? to mean a society?s particular set of values, norms ? both social and legal ? and meanings that render
an action or thought acceptable and legitimate. Guns are not separable from the cultural environment in which
they are acting and this means that the prevailing norms and values that render certain gun ownership and use
acceptable must be understood within a geographical, political, historical and socio-economic context. ?Gun
culture? lacks an established definition and is subject to continued debate, so this report will take ?gun culture?
to be the cultural acceptance of gun ownership in situations where the principal motivation or justification for
it is not for utilitarian or economic reasons but because their society has a set of values and norms that deem
it acceptable behaviour. A simple example would be when a man carries a gun, primarily not for hunting or for
protection, but because his ?culture? interprets his behaviour as a sign of masculinity and status.

From later in the same study:

Notions of anarchy strongly influenced 18th and 19th century folklore. Tales abound about the revolutionary
movements of the Balkan Christians such as, the formation of rebel groups, dangerous trips to remote towns to
buy guns and ammunition, heroes being chased by the enemy or engaged in long battles. The ending usually
either laments the tragic deaths of the heroes or celebrates victory over the Turkish forces. Typically these
heroic epics are exaggerated tales about the beauty, physical strength, honour and courage of the heroes. They
are about men trying to prove their worthiness to be the leader of a haidouk (rebel) group, showing off their
marksmanship, horse riding and sword fighting skills. People glorified haidouks as saviours who could protect
them from attacks by the Turks or bandits. Stories and songs about the haidouk recount how the groups acquired
weapons, the struggles for leadership and the battles they fought. They often describe haidouk everyday life,
making contrasts between their joyful, romantic daily routines and the cold winters when the haidouks hid their
guns and returned to their homes.

Here is the link to the full pdf file, so you can read the study in its entirety ? (To my shock, after careful reading I discovered I was writing about two different studies ? the one quoted is list first and the other on domestic violence is afterwards. They are both wonderful. JP)

http://www.seesac.org/uploads/studyrep/Gun_Culture_FINAL.pdf

?

http://www.seesac.org/uploads/studyrep/Domestic_Violence.pdf

Here is a link to the web site where I found the study, mappinggunculture.

?

Source: http://pilantsbusinessethics.com/2012/12/20/a-fascinating-gun-violence-study/

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Clinical Analysis of203Cases with Endometrial Carcinoma in ...

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Cancer Research

[Abstract]

Objective?To analyze retrospectively the clinical information of203patients with Endometrial Carcinoma in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei MedicalUniversity.The patients are divied into two groups for comparetion.Toinvestigate the clinical pathology,diagnosis and prognostic factors ofEndometrial Carcinoma in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Methods?The clinicopathologic factors and outcomes of203patientswith Endometrial Carcinoma? who underwent surgical treatment andconfirmed by pathology?from Sep29?2006to March2?2009in the FourthHospital of Hebei Medical University?were reviewed and analyzed.All caseswere follew-up visited and the last time for visition was March3?2012.192patients completed the follow-up visition was94.6%.The203patients weredivided into two groups for analyzing the clinical pathology?diagnosis andprognostic factors of Endometrial Carcinoma.Statistioal analysis was performed using SPSS18.0softwarepackage.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survivalrates.Evaluated the prognostic factors by univariate and multivariateanalysis.Univariate analysis and the comparison between the survival rateswas estimated by log-rank test.Multiple regression analysis were assessed byCox proportional hazards model.Enumeration data were compared with ?2test.A statistically significant difference was indicated by P?0.05.Results?1There was difference between the median age of the premenopausal was47.82?6.79years old and the post menopausal was59.03?6.47years old.2There were no sigenificant differences in pathological type?histologicalgrade?surgical-pathological staging,tumor stage and size?myometrialinvasion?ovarian metastasis?lymphovascular space involvement?lymph resection?lymph node metastasis?treatment between the premenopausaland menopausal groups.3The cervical metastasis rates between the premenopausal and menopausalwere38.9%?24.8%which was significant difference.4There was sigenificant differences in surgical approach between thepremenopausal and menopausal groups.5Divided into two groups according to the menopause?the3-year survivalrates after treatment were91%?80%which in no difference.6Univariate analysis revealed that age?pathological type?histological grade?surgical pathological ataging?myometrial invasion?cervical metastasis?ovarian metastasis?lymph ovascular space involvement?lympy nodemetastasis? treatment were significantly associated with the overall-survival.7Multivariate analysis revealed that surgical-pathological staging?lymphovascular space involvement were the independent prognosticfactors associated with the overall-survival.8The1-year?2-year?3-year overall survival rates after treatment were100%?99%?85%?respectively.Conclusion?1The age of endometrial cancer is getting much more younger.In thediagnosis and treatment process should pay much attention.For patientswith abnormal vaginal bleeding?either menopausal or not?should be earlytreatment.2There is a long time interval in the premenopausal patients from theclinical symptoms to treatment.3In this study,menopausal does not exist as a prognostic factor.4Age,pathological type?histological grade?surgical-pathological ataging?myometrial invasion?cervical metastasis?ovarian metastasis?lymphovascular space involvement?lympy node metastasis?treatment weresignificantly associated with the overall-survival.5Surgical-pathological staging?lymphovascular space involvement were the independent prognostic factors associated with the overall-survival.

Title: Clinical Analysis of203Cases with Endometrial Carcinoma in Premenopause and Postmenopause Patients

Category: Ovarian Cancer

Filename: Clinical Analysis of203Cases with Endometrial Carcinoma in Premenopause and Postmenopause Patients.pdf

Pages: 176

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Source: http://www.rescancer.com/ovarian-cancer/72676.html

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Bank Of Japan Adds To Easing, Cites Uncertainty

The Bank of Japan announced Thursday it would add about 10 trillion yen ($119 billion) to its asset-purchase program, while keeping its policy interest-rate target at 0 to 0.1%, citing "a high degree of uncertainty concerning Japan's economy." The announcement, coming at the end of the central bank's regular policy meeting, briefly sent Tokyo stocks tumbling and the yen rising, only to regain their previous levels minutes later, as investors digested the bank's statement.

Source: http://www.ibtimes.com/node/953244

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Chinese ad firm to leave US stock market in buyout

BEIJING (AP) -- A Chinese advertising company says it has agreed to be taken private and removed from U.S. stock markets in the biggest transaction of its kind for China.

Focus Media Holding Ltd. said Thursday it will be bought by a group that includes its chairman, private equity firm Carlyle Group and Chinese investors. The transaction values the company at $3.7 billion.

Focus Media announced plans for the change in August and complained U.S. markets were undervaluing its shares. The company was formed in 2003 and operates electronic advertising displays in elevators, grocery stores and other locations.

Several other Chinese companies have withdrawn from U.S. stock exchanges this year following accusations of improper accounting by some and a dispute between Beijing and Washington about who can oversee their China-based auditors.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/chinese-ad-firm-leave-us-034618919.html

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Regular family meals together boost kids' fruit and vegetable intake

Dec. 20, 2012 ? Regular family meals round a table boosts kids' fruit and vegetable intake, and make it easier for them to reach the recommended five portions a day, indicates research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

The World Health Organization recommends a daily intake of five 80g portions of fruit and vegetables to promote good health and stave off serious disease and obesity in later life.

And the Department of Health in England has spent around ?80 million on campaigns attempting to boost the nation's fruit and vegetable intake and improve dietary habits.

But consumption still falls below recommended levels -- and not just in the UK -- but also in much of Europe, the US and Australia, say the authors.

The home environment is likely to be a key factor, because this is where dietary habits are developed and cues taken from parents who exert the most influence on the quality of a child's diet, they add.

They therefore looked at the diets of more than 2000 primary school children, attending 52 different schools across London. English was a second language for almost half (46%) the kids, whose average age was eight.

Dietary intake at home was assessed using a validated Child and Diet Evaluation Tool (CADET) questionnaire, filled in by parents. CADET uses age and gender specific food portion sizes to calculate nutritional intake and lists 115 separate types of food and drink, divided into 15 categories.

Parents were also asked to complete a home food diary, detailing how often they ate meals together as a family and their own levels of fruit and vegetable consumption.

The CADET analysis showed that, on average, the children ate 293g a day of fruit and vegetables, equivalent to 3.7 portions a day. But those who ate family meals together consumed the most.

Among the 1516 children whose parents completed the home food diaries, those who sometimes ate family meals together ate 95g more fruit and vegetables every day than those who never ate together.

But children who always ate family meals together ate an average of 125g more every day.

Other factors also helped. Children whose parents ate fruit and vegetables every day also ate 88g more, on average, than those whose parents rarely or never did so.

Children whose parents always cut up their fruit and vegetables ate around 44g more than those whose parents did not. And intake increased by 5g for every additional type of produce available in the house.

But in the final analysis, those children who always ate family meals together had higher nutrient intake than those whose families sometimes ate together (4.6 portions) and those whose families never did so (3.3 portions).

And these children reached their recommended five a day quota.

"The results from this study illustrate a positive health message for parents, which could improve their own dietary habits and their children's," write the authors. "The key message..is for families to eat fruit and vegetables together at a mealtime."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by BMJ-British Medical Journal.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. M. S. Christian, C. E. L. Evans, N. Hancock, C. Nykjaer, J. E. Cade. Family meals can help children reach their 5 A Day: a cross-sectional survey of children's dietary intake from London primary schools. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2012; DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201604

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/KAipfKFDH58/121220202921.htm

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Boost Mobile to start throttling data speeds in late January

DNP Boost Mobile to begin throttling data speeds in late January

Boost Mobile announced today that starting on or around January 20th it will begin throttling data speeds for its "Monthly Unlimited" customers who exceed 2.5GB of data use. Once this threshold is broken, the company will reduce users' download speeds to a snail-like 256kbps until they enter a new billing cycle. Earlier this year, Boost's sister carrier Virgin started throttling its customers under identical terms. Both companies operate on Sprint's network which currently offers "true" unlimited data to its postpaid subscribers. Boost claims that this change will affect a small percentage of its customers, but perhaps it should consider adopting a new campaign slogan when these changes go live. How about "Restricted: It's the new unlimited"?

Filed under: , , ,

Comments

Via: The Verge

Source: Boost Mobile (Facebook)

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/12/20/boost-mobile-throttling-data-january/

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WDSU Parade Tracker puts Carnival in the palm of your hand

In 2010, WDSU introduced New Orleans to the "Parade Tracker" -- a hyper-local app that?gave smart phone users the?ability to see exactly where a parade was, and to know when it would be arriving at their location.?The response was overwhelming, and each year since, technological and design upgrades have enhanced the experience.

The development of this app and the parades included therein has come by leaps and bounds.

In 2012, the WDSU Parade Tracker followed 31 parades (10 more than the year prior). In early 2013 -- for the next Carnival -- the number will jump to more than 50, with expansion to areas well outside New Orleans.

It's no easy task -- and pulling it all together is a feat of technology, creativity and roll-up-your-sleeves hard work. Tracking all those parades requires permission from each individual "krewe" to?allow our Parade Tracker vehicle at the head end of their lineups of floats, bands and dance teams.

Then, our two-person tracking?squads take their positions and?deploy their?GPS systems to update each parade's location in real time. The tracking duo?also?sends along breaking information via text. If a?parade stalls or weather prompts a cancellation, users of the Parade Tracker app know right away.

When a parade is re-scheduled because of weather concerns (as often happens), the Parade Tracker updates, even re-plotting the route, when necessary.

Long before the first float rolls, users can use the Parade Tracker to make their plans. The app includes routes, dates and times. The news feature offers coverage of topics related to Carnival season -- helpful stories for locals and visitors alike.

The 2012 version of the app was ranked among the top 10 travel apps in the iTunes App Store throughout Carnival season.

There is no charge for the app on either operating system. Check out the 2012 edition, here for your review. We also hope you'll check back for a peek at the 2013 version of the Parade Tracker, coming in early January.

The Parade Tracker app was built from the ground up by WDSU TV and Calliope Digital, both based in New Orleans.

Source: http://www.wdsu.com/news/local-news/new-orleans/WDSU-Parade-Tracker-puts-Carnival-in-the-palm-of-your-hand/-/9853400/17696640/-/2c5ly/-/index.html?absolute=true

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Prevent Contracting Athlete's Foot from Health Club Locker

By NNT Featured Publications- December 21, 2012

www.cedarsole.com

It is very common to contract athlete?s foot infection from public places, such as locker rooms in health clubs, fitness center exercise equipment, communal showers and indoor swimming pools. Once contracted this fungus is very difficult to eliminate, and causes many other negative side effects.

This athlete?s foot fungus, also known as Tinea Pedis, is very contagious and causes embarrassing chronic foot odor. It also causes itching, peeling and cracking of skin, stinging and burning, and discoloration of toe nails. The fungus attaches itself to the inner lining of shoes, which can ruin perfectly good shoes in a short period of time. Many people exercise in public health clubs. This environment is where the fungus flourishes. Experts say that people should not go bear footed in these places.? That alone will not prevent contracting athlete?s foot. A simple, safe and natural athlete?s foot cure is to put Cedarsole inserts in all of your shoes.

The fungus is not only in the locker room. It also lives on the exercise equipment.? Most people don?t realize that this fungus is contracted through contact with fingers as well. Exercise equipment is typically not cleaned after every use with a cleaner which eliminates the fungus producing bacteria. After coming in contact with these bacteria, it can be transferred from the fingers to the feet. It will then thrive on the feet and in shoes as that is typically a moist environment, which the fungus needs to spread and grow. By using Cedarsole inserts to prevent contracting athlete?s foot, the feet and shoes will become dry not allowing the bacteria to live.

These Cedarsole inserts are made of 100% natural Lebanon cedar.? This cedar has a resin which kills the bacteria, so that even shoes which already have bacteria inside will become bacteria and odor free. Over 400,000 satisfied customers are using Cedarsole inserts today, which makes it fast, simple and inexpensive chronic foot odor and natural athlete?s foot cure once and for all with no side effects.? They are extremely thin and comfortable in shoes. These leave-in inserts are designed to be worn in all shoes, and typically last up to 4 months depending on frequency of use.? Imagine being able to use the same pair of socks all day, not having to use any creams, antifungal powders, vinegar or having to wash your feet several times per day, or use whatever other remedy which people have been trying to use for years to eliminate chronic foot odor!? You will feel comfortable and safe knowing you can take off your shoes at anytime without worrying about embarrassing odor.? Buy using Cedarsole inserts you can work out at your favorite health club and take a shower in the locker room without worrying about contracting athlete?s foot.

To get fast, safe and a 100% guaranteed cure for athlete?s foot and chronic foot odor: www.cedarsole.com

Source: http://www.nationalnewstoday.com/health-and-fitness/prevent-contracting-athlete%E2%80%99s-foot-from-health-club-locker-room-natural-100-effective-cure-insole-inserts.php

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Clean and Green: How to Make Laundry Rooms Ecofriendlier--and Healthier

Besides choosing the right detergents, switching out energy-hungry washers and driers, also makes financial sense

laundry room CLEANER CLEANING: Three steps to a healthier, greener laundry room: Use natural detergents free of harsh chemicals, dyes and perfumes; lose the fabric softener in favor of vinegar; and swap out your old equipment for EnergyStar-rated appliances. Image: iStockPhoto/Thinkstock

  • Showcasing more than fifty of the most provocative, original, and significant online essays from 2011, The Best Science Writing Online 2012 will change the way...

    Read More??

Dear EarthTalk: How can I have a greener, healthier laundry room??Billie Alexander, Topeka, Kans.

While there are many ways to green one?s laundry room, one place to start is with detergent. Luckily, in 2009 the federal government phased out phosphates, harsh chemicals that help break down minerals and loose food bits during the wash cycle, because their presence in waste water causes algae blooms in downstream waterways. But mainstream detergents still often contain the surfactant nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), which researchers have identified as an endocrine-disrupting estrogen mimic, meaning exposure to it can cause reproductive and other human health problems. Bleach, a corrosive chemical known to burn skin and eyes on contact and damage lungs when inhaled?and which can react with ammonia to produce toxic gases?is also a common ingredient in detergents.

Sarah van Schagen tested and reviewed six leading eco-friendly detergents for Grist Magazine. To qualify for consideration, each needed to be ?free and clear? of dyes and perfumes and also ?concentrated? in order to save water, packaging and extra carbon emissions from transport. The contestants included detergents from Earth Friendly Products, Biokleen, Mountain Green, Planet, Seventh Generation, and All. Each did a respectable job getting clothes clean and smelling fresh, with most performing just as well as mainstream brands. Seventh Generation Free & Clear was the overall winner for its combination of eco-friendly ingredients, good stain fighting, pleasant but not ?perfumey? scent and low price.

Another way to green the laundry room is to lose the fabric softener. Mainstream varieties, whether dryer sheets or liquid, contain harmful chemicals like benzyl acetate (linked to pancreatic cancer), benzyl alcohol (an upper respiratory tract irritant), ethanol (linked to central nervous system disorders), limonene (a known carcinogen) and chloroform (a neurotoxin and carcinogen). Many dryer sheets also contain tallow, a processed form of beef or mutton fat.

?You can avoid these health risks, the animal fat and the waste simply by using vinegar to soften your clothing,? reports Josh Peterson of The Discovery Network?s Planet Green. ?Add 3/4 cups of vinegar to your final rinse cycle and your clothes will come out soft.? And since vinegar ?is ludicrously inexpensive when compared to fabric softener,? consumers can save money and the planet at the same time.

Of course, swapping out that old water-hogging, energy-gulping washing machine for a new model that meets federal EnergySTAR standards will save lots of electricity and water. EnergySTAR certified washing machines use about 20 percent less energy and 35 percent less water than regular washers, and also have greater capacity so it takes fewer loads to clean the same amount of laundry. Their sophisticated wash systems flip or spin clothes through a stream of water and rinse them with repeated high pressure spraying instead of soaking them in a full tub of water. Likewise, replacing an older clothes dryer with a newer EnergySTAR model will help reduce your household?s electricity consumption. And if you live in a place with a mild and often sunny climate, ditch the dryer altogether and hang your clothes to dry outside.

CONTACTS: Biokleen, www.biokleenhome.com; Earth Friendly Products ECOS, www.ecos.com; Mountain Green, www.mountaingreen.biz; Planet Inc., www.planetinc.com; Seventh Generation, www.seventhgeneration.com; All Laundry, www.all-laundry.com; Grist Magazine, www.grist.org; Planet Green, planetgreen.discovery.com; EnergySTAR, www.energystar.gov.

EarthTalk? is written and edited by Roddy Scheer and Doug Moss and is a registered trademark of E - The Environmental Magazine (www.emagazine.com). Send questions to: earthtalk@emagazine.com. Subscribe: www.emagazine.com/subscribe. Free Trial Issue: www.emagazine.com/trial.


Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=2f0d45b5fd7faefa4b432609e1f651a6

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